What is the main goal of integrated pest management in rangeland ecosystems?

• A. Eradicate all pests
• B. Manage pests using a combination of methods to minimize costs while preserving ecological health
• C. Rely exclusively on chemical pesticides
• D. Maximize pest population to study impacts

Answer: (B)

Integrated pest management in rangeland systems aims to control pests using a mix of methods so that pest damage stays below levels that cause economic loss, while protecting the health of the ecosystem. In practice, that means regularly monitoring pest populations, determining action thresholds, and applying cultural practices (like adjusting grazing timing or habitat management), biological controls (natural enemies), mechanical methods, and, when needed, chemical controls as a last resort. The goal is to be cost-effective over the long term and to maintain forage production, wildlife habitat, soil, and water quality, rather than trying to eradicate every pest. Relying solely on pesticides or trying to maximize pest populations would undermine sustainability and ecological balance.